@article{Ahmar_2013, title={ CONFLICT FORMATION AND TRANSFORMATION IN AFGHANISTAN SINCE 1973}, volume={2}, url={https://jcs.ndu.edu.pk/site/article/view/108}, abstractNote={<p><strong>Abstract </strong></p> <p>This paper will examine conflict conflagration in Afghanistan in the light of transformation process. Conflict transformation in Afghanistan means change in the nature, context, issues and players involved in the vicious cycle of conflicts, particularly since the overthrow of monarchy in August 1973. Four decades of armed conflicts in Afghanistan which involved local and external players not only caused enormous economic and physical destruction in that war-torn country but also became a source of instability in Central, South and West Asia. Not only armed conflicts in Afghanistan resulted into foreign invasions but also led to the exodus of millions of people to neighboring countries and outside the region thus generating new set of conflicts involving Afghan Diaspora. It is the sustained level of armed conflicts in Afghanistan since 1973 and its lethal implications on the local people and the neighboring countries which needs to be analyzed in the context of transformation of conflicts at different levels. From any standpoint, in the last four decades, there has been more negative and violent transformation of conflicts in Afghanistan than positive transformation of conflicts. Four decades of political turmoil, civil war, efforts for peace, reconciliation and foreign invasions in Afghanistan wouldn’t have continued without the existence of internal fault lines in that conflict ridden country.</p>}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Contemporary Studies}, author={Ahmar, Dr Moonis Ahmar}, year={2013}, month={Aug.}, pages={1–23} }